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1. Question
There are many shared traits between fungi and the other four kingdoms. Of the five statements below, which one is unique to fungi?
CorrectExplanation – critical information to remember
This is a question where it would be easier to eliminate wrong answer choices to find the correct answer. Bioluminescence is found among plants and animals. Plants can undergo an alternation of generations. Plants also have chloroplasts allowing them to create their own energy sources, while animals and fungi lack that ability. Plants have cell walls, vacuoles, and use different means of reproduction to produce spores. Animals are heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts, and are reliant on organic compounds for energy sources. Plant cell walls are known to contain glucans, and some animal exoskeletons contain chitin. However, fungi are the only organism known to use both, making this feature unique to fungi only.
Strategy tip: If you notice, [B] and [C] are somewhat similar in that the alternation of generations usually has a spore stage, and [B] talks about spores, so since they are similar they both can be eliminated as potential answer choices.
Further Details – useful if you had trouble with the question
Q: There are many shared traits between fungi and the other four kingdoms. Of the five statements below, which one is unique to fungi?
A. Some fungi are bioluminescent.
Fungi are not the only bioluminescent kingdom, as there are organisms in other kingdoms (e.g. bacteria, plants, marine vertebrates and invertebrates, insects, etc.) which possess this trait as well; therefore the answer choice is incorrect. Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by an organism.B. Fungi have a cell wall, vacuoles, use sexual and asexual means of reproduction and produce spores.
Fungi are not the only kingdom that has cell walls, vacuoles, use of sexual and asexual means of reproduction, and the production of spores. Plants also possess these traits; therefore the answer choice is incorrect.C. Fungi undergo an alternation of generations.
Fungi undergo an alternation of generations, but so do plants. Since alternation of generations is not specific to fungi, the answer choice is incorrect. Overview of alternation of generations:D. Fungi cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.
Fungi cell walls are made of both glucans and chitin, a characteristic which is unique to the kingdom, so the answer choice is correct. In contrast: plant cell walls are made of cellulose (and can also contain glucans), bacteria cell walls are made of peptidoglycans, and archaea cell walls are made of polysaccharides.E. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts and are reliant on organic compounds for energy sources.
Fungi are not the only kingdom that are heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts, and are reliant on organic compounds for energy sources. This describes chemoheterotrophs, which can be found in many kingdoms (including the animal kingdom); therefore the answer choice is incorrect. The cells in the human body, for example, are chemoheterotrophic.IncorrectExplanation – critical information to remember
This is a question where it would be easier to eliminate wrong answer choices to find the correct answer. Bioluminescence is found among plants and animals. Plants can undergo an alternation of generations. Plants also have chloroplasts allowing them to create their own energy sources, while animals and fungi lack that ability. Plants have cell walls, vacuoles, and use different means of reproduction to produce spores. Animals are heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts, and are reliant on organic compounds for energy sources. Plant cell walls are known to contain glucans, and some animal exoskeletons contain chitin. However, fungi are the only organism known to use both, making this feature unique to fungi only.
Strategy tip: If you notice, [B] and [C] are somewhat similar in that the alternation of generations usually has a spore stage, and [B] talks about spores, so since they are similar they both can be eliminated as potential answer choices.
Further Details – useful if you had trouble with the question
Q: There are many shared traits between fungi and the other four kingdoms. Of the five statements below, which one is unique to fungi?
A. Some fungi are bioluminescent.
Fungi are not the only bioluminescent kingdom, as there are organisms in other kingdoms (e.g. bacteria, plants, marine vertebrates and invertebrates, insects, etc.) which possess this trait as well; therefore the answer choice is incorrect. Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by an organism.B. Fungi have a cell wall, vacuoles, use sexual and asexual means of reproduction and produce spores.
Fungi are not the only kingdom that has cell walls, vacuoles, use of sexual and asexual means of reproduction, and the production of spores. Plants also possess these traits; therefore the answer choice is incorrect.C. Fungi undergo an alternation of generations.
Fungi undergo an alternation of generations, but so do plants. Since alternation of generations is not specific to fungi, the answer choice is incorrect. Overview of alternation of generations:D. Fungi cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.
Fungi cell walls are made of both glucans and chitin, a characteristic which is unique to the kingdom, so the answer choice is correct. In contrast: plant cell walls are made of cellulose (and can also contain glucans), bacteria cell walls are made of peptidoglycans, and archaea cell walls are made of polysaccharides.E. Fungi are heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts and are reliant on organic compounds for energy sources.
Fungi are not the only kingdom that are heterotrophic, lack chloroplasts, and are reliant on organic compounds for energy sources. This describes chemoheterotrophs, which can be found in many kingdoms (including the animal kingdom); therefore the answer choice is incorrect. The cells in the human body, for example, are chemoheterotrophic.